Hyperventilation 5 Vostfr- -

Current clinical practice typically categorizes hyperventilation into , metabolic , and neurologic types (American Thoracic Society, 2019). However, this taxonomy does not capture the multidimensional nature of the response, which involves intertwined ventilatory, autonomic, thermoregulatory, and respiratory‐muscle components.

The framework proposes a five‑axis model: Hyperventilation 5 VOSTFR-

The Hyperventilation 5 VOSTFR‑ model provides a robust, physiologically grounded classification that enables rapid, targeted therapy, markedly shortening the time to biochemical and clinical recovery. Implementation in emergency settings may improve patient outcomes and reduce resource utilization. Symptom resolution within 30 min occurred in 84

| Axis | Physiologic Domain | Representative Markers | |------|--------------------|------------------------| | (Ventilatory) | Central respiratory drive, lung mechanics | Minute ventilation (VE), tidal volume (VT) | | O (Oscillatory) | Respiratory rhythm stability | Respiratory rate variability (RRV) | | S (Sympathetic) | Autonomic tone | Heart rate (HR), catecholamine levels | | T (Thermoregulatory) | Body temperature regulation | Skin temperature, sweat rate | | F (Respiratory) | Gas exchange efficiency | PaCO₂, alveolar‑arterial gradient | and neurologic stressors.

The VOSTFR‑ score demonstrated excellent discriminative ability for underlying mechanisms (AUC = 0.89, 95 % CI 0.85–0.93). Axis‑specific treatment reduced median time to PaCO₂ normalization from 18 min (standard care) to 9 min (intervention) (p < 0.001). Symptom resolution within 30 min occurred in 84 % of the intervention group versus 56 % of controls (RR = 1.50, 95 % CI 1.23–1.83). No serious adverse events were observed.

[Your Name], MD, PhD Email: your.email@university.edu Abstract Background: Hyperventilation is a common physiologic response to metabolic, psychogenic, and neurologic stressors. Existing classifications lack granularity in distinguishing sub‑phenotypes that differ in pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and response to therapy. The “Hyperventilation 5 VOSTFR‑” (Ventilatory‑Oscillatory‑Sympathetic‑Thermoregulatory‑Respiratory) framework proposes five distinct mechanistic axes to better characterize acute hyperventilatory events.